Tennis Elbow
Tennis elbow (lateral epicondylitis) is a painful condition affecting the tendons on the outer elbow. It is caused by repetitive gripping and wrist extension and is one of the most common reasons for elbow pain in adults.
Reviewed byProf Paul Lee MBBch, FRCS (Tr & Orth), PhDLast reviewed 1 May 2026
What causes tennis elbow?
The common extensor tendon attaches to the lateral epicondyle (outer bony prominence of the elbow). Repetitive loading causes micro-tears that the tendon cannot repair quickly enough, leading to a cycle of degeneration rather than healing.
- Pain on the outer elbow that radiates down the forearm.
- Weakness in grip, difficulty lifting a kettle or turning a door handle.
- Tenderness directly over the lateral epicondyle.
Treatment options
Treatment follows a structured pathway from conservative measures to biological intervention.
- Eccentric strengthening exercises and load management with physiotherapy.
- PRP injection to stimulate tendon healing at the cellular level.
- mFat therapy for refractory cases that have not responded to first-line treatments.
- Counterforce bracing to offload the tendon during activity.
We focus on treating the underlying tendon pathology rather than simply masking pain, because the goal is lasting resolution, not temporary relief.
You may have more options than you think
Most patients have more treatment options than they have been told
At London Cartilage Clinic we follow a structured clinical framework across four areas of treatment. Before recommending a single procedure, we assess which combination of approaches gives you the best outcome.
Preserve
Protect what you have. Slow degeneration and manage symptoms.
Repair
Fix specific damage. Torn tissue, unstable joints, structural problems.
Regenerate
Rebuild lost tissue. Biological treatments that stimulate new growth.
Replace
When other options are exhausted. Joint replacement as a last resort.
Explore the full range of treatments available for your joint. Each hub page shows every option we offer, organised by clinical approach.
Frequently Asked Questions
Do I need to play tennis to get tennis elbow?
No. Tennis elbow is caused by repetitive gripping and wrist extension activities. It is common in office workers, manual labourers, and anyone who performs repetitive forearm movements. Racquet sports are just one of many causes.
How long does tennis elbow last?
Most cases resolve within 6 to 12 months with appropriate treatment. However, some patients develop chronic tendinopathy that persists for longer. Early, targeted treatment can shorten the recovery timeline.
Are steroid injections effective for tennis elbow?
Steroid injections can provide short-term pain relief but evidence suggests they may not improve long-term outcomes and can weaken the tendon with repeated use. At London Cartilage Clinic, we typically favour physiotherapy, PRP, or mFat for sustained improvement.
When is surgery needed for tennis elbow?
Surgery is rarely needed. It is considered only when symptoms persist despite six to twelve months of structured conservative and biological treatment. The procedure involves removing the degenerated portion of the tendon.
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